COURSE INFORMATION
Population and International Health

ID205 Disaster Management
Spring 2
Department of Population and International Health and the Department of Health and Social Behavior
Dr. J. Leaning
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 3-hour session each week.

Designed for physicians or public health officers who may be charged with responsibility for on-the-scene, immediate acute intervention during disasters. The focus will be on decision-making under stress, examining U.S. and international case studies within the theoretical framework of disaster planning, response, and assessment.
Course Activities: Requirements include readings from syllabus and short list of required tests as well as a final paper. 4 lab sessions, April 8, 22 and May 6, 20, 2003.

ID229 Epi of Infectious Diseases of Pub Hlth Import in Dev'g Countries
Fall 2
Department of Population and International Health and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases
Dr. R. Cash
3.0 credits
Lectures, case studies. Three 2-hour sessions each week.

This course thoroughly reviews the epidemiology of infectious diseases of public health importance in developing countries. Emphasizes epidemiologic patterns of bacterial and viral diseases as they relate to different geographic and socioeconomic environments. Stresses methods of disease surveillance, especially with regard to prevention and control.
Course Activities: Case studies are extensively used with student teams proposing solutions to the problems.
Course Note: Ordinal grading option only.

ID231 Biological and Clinical Foundations of Reproductive Health
Fall 1
Department of Population and International Health and Department of Maternal and Child Health
Dr. I. Aitken
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed to prepare students with no clinical and limited biology background for subsequent course work in reproductive health or maternal and child health. It provides an introduction to the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction. This forms the basis for the study of normal pregnancy and childbirth and the mechanisms of different forms of contraception. These, in turn, lead to a consideration of the complications of pregnancy and childbirth, low birthweight and birth defects. A review of the basics of infection and immunity provide the basis for a consideration of reproductive tract infections, childhood diseases and immunization.
Course Note: This course is a prerequisite for ID232 and ID235, and is highly recommended for students taking MCH204 or ID229.

ID232 Family Planning and STI Control in Developing Countries
Spring 1
Department of Population and International Health and Maternal and Child Health
Dr. I. Aitken, Dr. S. Kapiga.
2.5 credits
Not to be offered 2002-2003
Lectures, seminars, and case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will examine the biological, epidemiological, social and organizational bases of programs for family planning and the control of sexually transmitted infections. It will consider the scope for and the implications of integration of these programs as mandated by the Cairo Programme of Action. It will also explore the effects and implications of different aspects of health sector reform on policy-making and program management.
Course Note: ID231 or equivalent background in reproductive physiology and clinical sciences or signature of instructor required.

ID235 Maternal and Perinatal Health Care in Developing Countries
Spring 1
Department of Population and International Health and Department of Maternal and Child Health
Dr. I. Aitken
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will first provide an in-depth study of the biology and epidemiology of maternal and perinatal health problems in developing countries. Particular attention will be given to evaluating the absolute and relative importance of the main causes of obstetric morbidity and mortality and of low birthweight. The course will then discuss and evaluate the effectiveness of strategies like risk-screening, prenatal care, and emergency obstetric care in preventing or managing these problems. The information will be used to consider appropriate policies and programs in specific country case studies.
Course Note: ID231 or equivalent background in reproductive physiology and clinical sciences or signature of instructor required.

ID237 Community-based Implementation Hlth Prog.- Developing Countries
Spring 2
Dr. I. Aitken
2.5 credits
Seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course combines two objectives. First, it is designed to get students to explore why it is that community-based health interventions either succeed or fail in developing countries. We will examine the role of culture, social organization, the selection and training of community-level and professional primary health care workers, and the role of communities in planning, management and financing of health care. Second, the course is designed to take a comprehensive view of priority child health interventions in tropical developing countries. It is intended to compliment other courses that concentrate on research and policy issues of nutrition and infectious diseases in childhood. Practical lessons will be drawn from services to manage acute and chronic diseases in children, nutrition programs, and environmental interventions to control the transmission of infectious diseases.
Course Activities: Two case reports and a paper.

ID250 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health
Fall 2
Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Population and
International Health
Dr. M. Reich
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides students with a broad overview of some of the main philosophical and moral ideas that are used as a basis for resolving debates of public health policy. Helps students develop their own capacities to analyze, criticize, evaluate, and construct policy-oriented arguments.
Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH Program or the Department of Health Policy and Management or the Department of Population and International Health; students must register for appropriate section.

ID250 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health
Spring 1
Department of Population and International Health
Dr. N. Daniels
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides students with a broad overview of some of the main philosophical and moral ideas that are used as a basis for resolving debates of public health policy. Helps students develop their own capacities to analyze, criticize, evaluate, and construct policy-oriented arguments.
Course note: Acceptance into the MPH Program or the Department of Population and International Health; students must register for appropriate section.

ID262 Introduction to the Practice of International Health
Fall 1
Department of Population and International Health
Dr. R. Cash
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

How is international health defined? What are its historical roots and modern manifestations? Which are the major contemporary issues and debates on policies and practices? These questions are addressed in this introductory course that defines the scope of the field, highlights contemporary issues, and reviews selective case studies of international health policies and practices. The course begins with an examination of world health and development and the rapid health transitions taking place around the world. Key contemporary issues are critically examined - disease control, primary health care, child survival, essential drugs, health policy, and the evolving roles of international and non-governmental organizations. Interspersed throughout are several case studies of challenges facing the modern practice of international health.
Course Note: This introductory course helps prepare students for other international health offerings, including PIH244 and PIH251.

ID272 Financing Health Care in Developing Countries
Spring 1
Departments of Health Policy and Management and Population and International Health
Dr. Y. Liu, Dr. W. Hsiao, Dr. P. Berman
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course provides a comprehensive survey on the major health care financing options for developing countries. It begins with introduction of system diagnostic criteria such as equity and efficiency, as well as assessment tools such as the National Health Account technique. Drawing on economic theory and international experiences, the course analyzes strengths and weaknesses of alternative approaches to financing, including tax-based financing, social insurance, user fee financing, and community financing. The aim is to prepare students for applied work in economics and policy analysis related to health financing. This course makes extensive use of case studies.

ID287 Bioterrorism: Public Health Preparedness and Response
Spring 1
Dr. J. Leaning, Dr. J Burstein, Dr. Anthony Carbone
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week

This course on bioterrorism and biosecurity will focus on public health preparedness and response. The course begins with the history of biological warfare and arms control efforts, and provides an analysis of the current bioterrorism threat. The science of biological agents as well as the science of defensive measures will be addressed. Practical skills will be provided, including how to conduct an epidemiological investigation, the basics of emergency public health law, knowledge of the Incident Command System and methods of coordination with various federal, state, and local emergency response agencies. Instructors will use a variety of instructional materials, including lectures, case studies, tabletop exercises, and a mock risk communication media exercise.
Course note: no auditors.

ID291 Culminating Experience for International Health, MPH Students
Spring 2
Dr. R. Cash, Dr. P. Berman
1.25 Credits
This final exercise should demonstrate the skills necessary to act as a public health professional. Students must write a 10-page position paper that addresses the implementation of a program and the establishment of a policy affecting health/health care. Students, individually or in groups (up to three) address a situation in a developed country or region. The situation may be drawn from prior work experience in a developing country; field study conducted during the WinterSession; a case or situation worked on during the academic year; or one the student is preparing to work on during the coming year. The paper should have the following: statement of the problem; justification of the problem; proposal for a strategy to address the problem; and identification of process for evaluating the action taken. Occasional workshops will be held on Thursdays to address skills in oral presentations, preparing posters, meeting the media, issues in cross cultural research, and leadership. Students must have prior approval from the instructors to address a situation in a developed country or region.
Course Activities: Each student or group of students must give either an oral presentation or a poster on Saturday, May 17, 2003 (the number of posters will be limited.)
Course Note: Open only to students in the MPH-IH concentration; pass/fail only.

ID300 Field Trip to Kerala, India
WinterSession
Dr. Richard Cash
1.25 credits

The purpose of the three-week visit is to familiarize the students with the health problems and health systems of Kerala State in South India. Kerala is a particularly interesting area with good health indices. There is a long history of government programs directed toward achieving health equity. There are changes, however, that are impacting on the type and the way that health care will be delivered in the future. The burden of disease is moving from infectious to a picture of more chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular etc.); the government is moving toward greater decentralization of health services; and the delivery of health care is becoming increasingly privatized. It is with this framework that the students will examine how all of these factors are affecting preventive care and the delivery of services. Particular attention will be focused on how these many factors may be increasing or decreasing health equity.
Course Note: Students who are enrolled in the MPH, MS, or doctoral program will be eligible.
Applications must be completed by 15 October and the participants chosen by 1 November. All those participating will be required to attend sessions in which the health, culture, political, and socio-economic factors in Kerala will be reviewed. The program will require a minimum of six students and can accept a maximum of ten students.

PIH203 Computer Methods for Demography and International Health
Spring 1
Mr. S. Atwood (P), Dr. U. Larsen (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures, practicals and sessions in the Instructional Computing Facility.

This course will provide an introduction to a range of computer techniques for the design, collection, management and analysis of the kinds of data commonly encountered in population and health surveys in developing countries. Topics covered include advanced use of spreadsheets, unpacking DHS and similar files, joining and matching files of different lengths, review of EPI-INFO for questionnaire construction and data entry, reading data into SAS, data checking and manipulation, and the use of standard procedures. The sessions will provide students with the computer skills needed to complete the homework required for courses such as PIH 221.
Course Activities: All sessions will involve individual practice with computer programs available in the Instructional Computing Facility. Students must complete the weekly assignments and a final exam.
Course Note: The course assumes prior familiarity with basic computer methods such as word processing and use of spreadsheets for calculation and drawing graphs; BIO 113 is strongly recommended; enrollment limited to 20 students; pass/fail option only.

PIH211 Management Control in Health Organizations
Fall 2
Dr. M. Mitchell
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed for students interested in learning about finance and management of health care in low and middled income countries. The focus will be on the development of knowledge and skills that are needed by managers of health care organizations in a variety of settings. It will cover a broad range of topics including cost analysis, budgeting and control, financial analysis, revenue generation, and performance monitoring. While some theory will be presented, this course will emphasize practical applications of the techniques discussed through the use of the case study method. Although no prior education in financial or managerial accounting is required to take this course, students without any prior training will be expected to do extra work to learn the basics of financial accounting.
Course Note: Students who have or are taking HPM219 or HPM220 may not take this course for credit.

PIH214 Health, Human Rights, and the International System
Spring 2
Dr. S. Marks
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

This course is designed to provide an overview of the nature and role of the international system with respect to health and human rights issues. Focus will be on the responses of the UN, including WHO, regional organizations, and non-state actors to some of the pressing issues of health and human rights. Among the specific issues to be examined are: trade; intellectual property and drug pricing in Africa; refugee status of girls threatened with FGC (female genital cutting); forced sterilization and human rights procedures in Latin America; legality of nuclear weapons before the World Court; health of child workers under the European Social Charter; international ban on reproductive human cloning. We will use
simulations of actual cases. The ultimate aim of the course is to prepare students to interact professionally with the international system to advance the health and human rights objectives, whether through governmental, intergovernmental or nongovernmental processes.

PIH218 Health and Human Rights: Concepts and Methods for Public Health
Fall 1
Dr. S. Gruskin
2.5 credits
Lecture, case study. One 3-hour session each week.

The course identifies and discusses the complex interactions between health and human rights, with particular emphasis on the implications of human rights for public health thinking and practice. The course provides the basis for literacy about modern human rights, including core principles, key documents, institutions and practices. Then, a framework for analysis of health/human rights interactions is developed and applied, including: effect of health policies and programs on human rights; health consequences of human rights violations; and the inextricable linkage between promoting and protecting health and promoting and protecting human rights. A variety of topics including reproductive health and HIV/AIDS are used to illustrate and explore practical applications of human rights in public health.

PIH219 Development and Human Rights
Fall 2
Cross-listed at KSG at PED-141M
Dr. S. Marks
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars.

This course considers the impact of economic development on health and human rights, and the problems achieving human rights in developing societies. We will examine broad-ranging political-economic and social issues that bear on the local application of internationally recognized human rights. Beginning with an exploration of the underlying
concepts and strategies of both economic development and human rights, the course surveys international economic relations (trade, investment, technical assistance) as they affect health and human rights. It also explores the social, economic, cultural, legal and political processes by which development and human rights are affected in various societies. Topics to be covered include the human right to development, conditionality of foreign aid, corruption, housing, gender issues, and ethnic conflict.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 40 students.

PIH221 Fertility Analysis
Spring 1
Dr. U. Larsen
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

The course is an intermediate level class on the analysis of fertility and its proximate determinants. The students are introduced to the different data sources useful for estimating and interpreting levels and differentials of fertility. A number of the most used techniques in fertility analyses are presented. The emphasis is on understanding the underlying assumptions, applying the techniques and interpreting the results. Research design issues and frameworks for studying levels and variations in fertility are discussed, and specific empirical analyses are reviewed. This course is designed to be taken concurrently with PIH 203.
Course Activities: Practical training will be given through homework exercises and a final take home exam.

PIH224 The Epidemiology of the Family
Spring 2
Dr. M. Rahman
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-4 hour sessions each week.

This course will explore how membership in a "family" affects one's health and survival with a focus on mental health in particular. It will draw on the burgeoning literature in social epidemiology which goes beyong the conventional epidemiologic focus on individual specific risk factors and investigates the social, economic, behavioral, informational and biological links between the individuals and their kingroup, and the effects of such links on individual health status. Students will be introduced to the extensive literature in this area, with the focus on developing countries; measures of health status, both subjective and objective; and data and analytic issues inherent in investigating family level effects on health.

PIH239 Policy Implementation & Management of Health Programs
Spring 2
Dr. M. Mitchell, Dr. T. Bossert
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, cases. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

The adoption of exciting and innovative health reform policies and programs have little impact on health unless they are effectively implemented. Implementation involves continuing political support, reorganization of key institutions, strengthening regulation and enforcement and the adoption of new and appropriate management techniques. Few reforms are designed with implementation requirements in mind and few health planners or managers in Middle and Low Income Countries have any formal training in management and as a result many excellent global, national and local health initiatives do not achieve their goals in a reasonable time frame or at an affordable cost.

This course looks at the political, governance, organization and management issues necessary for effective implementation of a health program. It is intended for MPH and MS students who will be working in a developing country environment at either a policy or program level. Topics will include fundamentals of management, planning and monitoring tools, assessing system capacities, dealing with donors and politicians, and evaluation of success. The course will have an emphasis on the learning of practical skills and applications using a case based method of teaching.

PIH244 Health Sector Reform: A Worldwide Perspective
Fall 2
Dr. P. Berman
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course surveys the impact of the global movement to reform national health care systems on the lower and middle income countries. It introduces a framework for analyzing health care systems and designing strategies for system reform, including political dimensions, with specific references to developing countries. It then examines some of the major elements of reform strategies as they are being applied in these countries, including goal-setting, financing, benefits packages, the organization of health care and the role of the private health sector, governmental reform, regulation, and change in consumer behavior. Studies and case material from many different countries are used.

PIH245 Population and Development Policies: A World of Contention
Fall
Dr. G. Zeidenstein
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.

This seminar-course covers the development and implementation of population policies within the broader context of international development activities. It focuses on several broad sub-topics: the UN trail; theories and evidence; ethical considerations; environment; security; gender and sexuality; reproductive health and family planning programs; the shifting USA positions; resources; implementation; looking ahead.
Course Activities: Guest speakers will include practitioners, policymakers and researchers from the field. Students will be expected to master weekly reading materials, participate in class discussions, make a class presentation of work in progress, and submit a term paper on a topic agreed upon with the instructor. This seminar-course does not include quantitative applications.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 15 students, with preference given to students from SPH and KSG. Admission will be based on written statements of purpose (no longer than two double-spaced pages) submitted to the instructor at the first session. Signature of instructor required.

PIH250 People In War:Developing New Strategies to Promote Human Securit
Spring
Dr. J. Leaning, Dr. C. Bruderlein
2.5 Credits
Lectures, seminars, cases. One 2-hour session each week

This course will give students the intellectual background for understanding and addressing the needs of vulnerable populations in times of war. Emphasis will be placed on preparing policy-makers and field practitioners to work in conflict situations on issues of prevention and response. The course will survey the academic literature on the emerging concept of human security--giving particular attention to human security as it relates to human rights and humanitarian law and human security in a public health perspective. The course will also examine human security in the institutional context, including: the rising profile of human security within the UN system; human security in global development institutions; a critical examination of humanitarian intervention in light of human security related strategies; and the growing influence of non-state actors in policy decision-making. The course will consider three regional case studies illustrating themes discussed throughout the course. Concluding sessions will allow students to present individual research projects. Course Activities: Requirements include readings from the syllabus and a short list of required texts as well as a final paper.
Course Notes: Enrollment limited, signature of instructor required; no auditors

PIH251 Evaluation of Health Interventions in Developing Countries
Spring 2
Dr. M. Mitchell
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is an introduction to monitoring and evaluating health programs and interventions in developing countries. It aims to combine a solid theoretical understanding of the principles of evaluation with illustrations of practical application. The course will rely heavily on the use of case materials to illustrate how evaluations are done in the field. The course considers health evaluation from three different perspectives. First, we consider measures of impact and the methods required to measure changes in mortality, morbidity and health status of a population in the short or medium term. Second, we consider program (or organizational) performance in terms of whether resources are being used effectively and efficiently to deliver health interventions.

The course will provide an overview of the reasons for undertaking a health evaluation and will consider appropriate conceptual frameworks for evaluation. A variety of methods for obtaining information are presented including the use of qualitative and quantitative data and how each of these might be collected in a variety of settings. Students are introduced to practical problems encountered in designing and conducting evaluation studies in a variety of settings including disease specific control programs, primary health care, training and communications programs and reproductive health.
Course Note: The course is intended for MPH and MS and doctoral students interested in international health program evaluation. Those with or without first-hand experience of health project overseas are equally welcome.

PIH253 Human Ecology
Fall 2
Dr. R. Levins
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Provides a broad overview of the human ecosystem as it emerges out of, but as different from, pre-human ecology. Topics are selected from biosphere processes, population interaction, agricultural systems, adaptation evolution and ecology of disease, ecological politics, and evolution. Also considers the role of knowledge and conscious planning as an aspect of human ecology and examines the approaches toward the solution of ecological problems.
Course Note: Basic knowledge of biology required.

PIH255 Business Planning for Health Organizations
WinterSession
Dr. P.Campbell
1.25 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Five 3-hour sessions for one week.

This course has been developed for students who will be developing and managing health-related programs and projects. They will be introduced to business plans, management tools used historically by entrepreneurs to gain access to financing for their ideas. Through this course students will also learn basic business skills. Business planning draws upon concepts and tools found in a number of management disciplines, from strategic planning to marketing and financial management. Students will learn through doing. Everyone participating will be required to draft a plan to be evaluated by the instructor. Several student plans will also be discussed by the entire class. Thus, everyone must have an idea suitable for business planning before beginning this course.

This development of this course reflects transitions in health sectors around the globe. In every country managers are under growing pressure. Costs are increasing due to growing populations, technology change, greater demand for consumer responsiveness and other causes. Meanwhile public budgets are often constant or even shrinking. The result is that many governments are being forced to make strategic changes in their health delivery systems. These changes include changing financing mechanisms, making greater use of the private sector, and instituting regulatory changes. Managers in both government and non-governmental health organizations are being forced to increase their managerial skills. Some are managing in traditional government bureaucracies, while others are in new quasi-governmental organizations or NGOs. They are all in need of new concepts and skills that can be adapted from private, for-profit management practices. They all seek sustainability.

PIH257 New and Resurgent Disease
Spring 2
Dr. R. Levins, Dr. T. Awerbuch and Guest Lecturers
1.25 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

The course will cover new and resurgent disease as a general problem of evolutionary ecology and social change. Topics may include environmental change and disease; population change (demographic and migration); organismic changes; vulnerability of individuals and populations; vectors, reservoirs and hosts; eco-social models; research and public health strategies.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only.

PIH258 Frontiers of Knowledge in HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care, & Research
Fall 2
Dr. S. Kapiga
2.5 credits
Not offered 2002-2003. Offered alternate years.
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will provide students with an opportunity to learn about the current state of knowledge and future directions in HIV/AIDS epidemiology, prevention, care and research. It will comprise separate lectures on scientific, technical, programmatic and policy aspects of the global response to HIV/AIDS. It will provide an analytical framework which, drawing from accumulated knowledge and experience, will help understand the manifestations and deep roots of the pandemic, illuminate currently pressing issues and suggest avenues for an improved response to HIV/AIDS. Instructors and guest lecturers include public health specialists, clinicians and researchers, social and behavioral scientists from Harvard University, other academic centers and HIV/AIDS programs.

PIH261 Mathematical Models in Biology and Public Health
Spring
Dr. T. Awerbuch (P), Dr. R. Levins (S)
2.5 credits
Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.

This course examines mathematical models as a basis for analyzing biological and social phenomena relevant to public health. Applied topics include: spread and maintenance of infectious diseases such as AIDS, lyme disease and malaria; diffusion bioassays for determining toxicity and mutagenicity of drugs; screening for breast cancer; blood screening, enzyme kinetics; demographic modeling and population structures. Methodological topics include differential equations, probability, Leslie matrices, fitting models to data and computer simulation.

PIH263 Grant Writing for Funding of Research and Health Care Projects
WinterSession
Dr. K. Dumbaugh (P), Dr. D. Bloom (S)
2.5 credit
Lectures, seminars. 3-hour sessions from January 6, 2003 - January 17, 2003.

The objective of the course is to provide participants with: 1) the opportunity to prepare a fundable grant proposal for submission to a funding agency upon completion of the course; 2) a framework that enables participants to write realistic and fundable proposals for basic or applied research, or for projects that deliver services or care; and 3) the most relevant sources of information about organizations that fund such work.
Course Note: Enrollment is limited to 20 students; no auditors permitted; Signature of instructor required. Interested students must submit a 200 word (or two short paragraph) description of their idea for a proposal to dumbaugh@gis.net for review with a phone number where the student can be reached for discussion of proposal. Selection will be based on the order in which students submit and review the concept paper with the instructor. A mandatory organizational meeting will be held in Fall.

PIH265 Ethical Issues in International Health Research
Spring 2
Dr. R. Cash, Dr. D. Wikler
2.5 credits
Seminar. One 3-hour session each week.

This course is designed to expose students to the key ethical issues that may be encountered in the course of conducting international health research. Using case presentations and discussion-based class sessions, students will have the opportunity to begin developing their own tools for dealing with these important issues in an applied context.

PIH267 HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries: Epidemiol & National Responses
Spring 1
Dr. S. Kapiga
2.5 credits
Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course is designed to provide a broad description of the distinct features of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries, and the evolution of national responses against HIV/AIDS in selected countries. The course will focus on sub-Saharan Africa, although relevant examples from other developing countries will be addressed during the presentations and discussions. At the beginning of the course, an overview of the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic will be presented and followed by a discussion of the methods used to derive regional HIV/AIDS estimates. Later, factors contributing to the expansion of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa will be examined, and strategies that could be used to reduce further spread of the epidemic will be discussed. Subsequent sessions will focus on the evolution of national responses against HIV/AIDS epidemic in selected countries. In each country, the main features of the national HIV/AIDS control program will be described, and the key strategies adopted in reducing further spread of the HIV epidemic will be presented and discussed.
Course Activities: Case studies from selected countries where HIV/AIDS interventions have worked will be presented and discussed to assess the possibility of replicating programs from countries where HIV/AIDS interventions have been successful. A combination of formal lectures, case studies and student presentations will be used.

PIH268 Field Experience in Health and Human Rights
WinterSession
Dr. S. Marks
1.25 credits
Seminars, field work

In this course, students will acquire the basic skills in applying a human rights framework to health issues in a developing country. Depending on their field placement, they may learn about operations skills in settings where health and human rights are practices or about organizing a mission to investigate human rights conditions affecting health. They will acquire first-hand knowledge of participating in such missions and in preparing reports of findings. Each student will be expected to identify an organization with which they would like to work for the Winter Session period and secure a placement within that organization. Students are expected to attend a short preparatory workshop offered by the FXB Center in the Fall 2 quarter. They are expected to provide evidence that they have conducted preliminary review of materials pertinent to their placement and project before heading to the field assignment. After successful completion of their field work, each student is required to hand in a 10-page paper to be graded by the course instructor.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 15; pass/fail grading option only; contract required; attend a short workshop in Fall 2.

PIH269 Applied Politics and Economics I: Political Economy of Intl Hlth
Fall 1
Dr. M. Reich
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

Presents theoretical perspectives, empirical cases and research issues in policy analysis, political economy, political strategies and governance in international health. Focus is on analytical and methodological issues as applied to international health policy. Examines the political economy constraints on national and international health initiatives, the role of international agencies, the impact of non-govermental organizations, and the role of the state.
Course Activities: All students will be expected to participate actively in class discussions. There will be a midterm and a final paper due at the end of the course. Doctoral students will be expected to prepare a more extensive final paper. Exams and papers will constitute 70% of the grade and class participation 30%.

PIH270 Applied Politics and Economics II: Political Anal. of IH Reform
Fall 2
Dr. T. Bossert
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hours sessions each week.

Addresses key issues of implementation of international health reforms with analytical approaches to political strategies, implementation and governance. Applies analytical and methodological approaches of policy analysis, decision making models, political strategies, institutional analysis, social capital, organizational transformation and management to issues such as decentralization, public/ private relations in service delivery, reform of ministries of health. Social science qualitative methods will also be introduced.
Course Activities: All students will be expected to participate actively in class discussions. There will be a midterm and a final paper due at the end of the course. Doctoral students will be expected to prepare a more extensive final paper. Exams and papers will constitute 70% of the grade and class participation 30%.
Course Note: It is recommended that students in this course have taken PIH269 (or its equivalent).

PIH271 Applied Politics and Economics III
Spring
Dr. J. Sevilla
5.0 credits.
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

A course in applied microeconomics theory covering consumer and household choice; the behavior of firms and organizations; and market and social welfare. Applications will be drawn from population and health issues in developing countries. These include resource allocation within households; fertility and the trade-off between the quality and quantity of children; consumption smoothing, insurance, and risk sharing; the behavior of hospitals and health organizations; project evaluation and resource allocation; market failures in the health sector, and welfare measurement. Course makes use of calculus, constrained maximization, and linear algebra at the level of PIH274, PIH275 or equivalent.

PIH272 Foundations of Global Population and Health I
Fall
Dr. D. Bloom, Dr. J. Lamstein
5.0 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions and one 2-hour lab each week.

This course is required for all incoming master of science and doctoral students. It is intended as a broad survey of the main facts, issues, perspectives, methods, results, and conclusions in the areas of global population and health.

The course is organized into three blocks. The first block deals with theory, methods, and evidence related to the state of global health and population and reviews salient population and health issues, both past and present. The focus is on patterns and trends in morbidity, mortality, fertility, and reproductive health, as well as the size, structure, and growth of population. Environmental concerns linked to health and population are also addressed.

The second block deals with the economic, social, legal, political, and ecological context in which global health and population issues arise and must be addressed. This block introduces economic, political, and rights-based perspectives on the place of health in the process of international development.

The third block covers approaches to the design and implementation of policies and programs to address health and population problems. Medical interventions, non-medical health interventions, and non-health interventions will all be considered.

PIH273 Foundations of Global Population and Health II
Spring
Dr. D. Wikler
5.0 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week

This course is required for all incoming master of science and doctoral students. It builds on Foundations of Global Population and Health I, but is designed to stand-alone. The course is organized into five modules, each treating in-depth one topic in global population and health in approximately 5 to 6 sessions. The specific topics covered will vary from year to year, but will be generally be drawn from the following thematic areas: aging; child survival; complex humanitarian emergencies; ecology and environmental health; ethical issues in health research and program implementation; gender; global health governance; health and human rights; health systems; health sector reform; household health and welfare; measuring health; new and emerging diseases; pharmaceutical development and delivery; health priority setting and resource allocation; reproductive health; and program management and implementation.

PIH274 Applied Quantitative Methods I
Fall 1
Dr. A. Mahal
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This course will review, as well as introduce, methods of mathematical analysis that form an essential tool kit for doctoral level courses in econometrics, economic theory, and demography. It is suitable for students who are planning to enroll in, or are concurrently enrolled in doctoral level economic theory and econometric courses. Topics covered include linear algebra, calculus and optimization methods, including an introduction to dynamic optimization techniques. Participants in the course will be expected to be proficient in introductory level calculus, probability theory and linear algebra. The course also serves as a prerequisite to PIH 275, 276, and 277.

PIH275 Applied Quantitative Methods II
Fall 2
Dr. A. Mahal, Dr. W. Yip
2.5 credits
Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.

This is a course in applied statistics and econometrics intended for first-year doctoral level students and second year master level students. It focuses on relaxing the Gauss Markov assumptions of Classical Linear Model (CLS) and examines the implications on CLS and remedies. Topics include heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, omitted variable bias, measurement errors, function forms and misspecification tests. Students will also be introduced to large sample theory. Lectures material will combine both theoretical foundations and applications to health policy. Lectures will be complemented with computer exercises involving analysis of data sets. Students planning to take the course are expected to be familiar with probability theory (density and distribution functions) and hypothesis testing. They are also expected to have taken a course that consists of an introduction to multiple linear regression.
Course Note: PIH 274 or permission of instructor required.

PIH276 Applied Quantitative Methods III
Spring 1
Dr. W. Yip
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week

Intended as a continuation of Applied Quantitative Methods II (PIH 275), this course focuses on developing the theoretical basis and practical application of the most common empirical models encountered in health policy research. It is intended for doctoral students and advanced master level students with an interest to conduct applied policy researches. Lectures will be combined with computer exercises involving the analysis of data sets. Topics include panel data, difference-in-difference methods, simultaneous equations, instrumental variables, qualitative dependent variables, multiple choices with and without correlations, and the Rand Health Insurance four (two) part model.
Prerequisites: Students must have taken linear regression analysis equivalent to the level taught in PIH 275 or permission of instructor.

PIH277 Applied Quantitative Methods IV
Spring 2
Dr. W. Yip, Dr. A. Mahal
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week

Intended as a continuation of Applied Quantitative Methods III (PIH 276), this course focuses on developing the theoretical basis and practical application of advanced empirical models commonly encountered in health policy research. It is intended for doctoral students and advanced master level students with an interest to conduct applied policy researches. Lectures will be combined with computer exercises involving the analysis of data sets. Topics include panel data with serial correlation and qualitative dependent variable, sample selection models, tobit, count models, clustering and hierarchical and applications to the household production models and estimation of production and cost functions.
Prerequisites: PIH 276 or permission of instructor.

PIH278 Justice & Resource Allocation
Spring 2
Dr. N. Daniels
2.5 credits
Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week

This course explores the ethical issues, especially issues of distributive justice, raised by health and health care resource allocation methodologies and decisions. We begin with examination of distributive issues raised by measures of summary population health and their extensions into cost effectiveness analysis, paying special attention to the strengths and weaknesses of the underlying welfare economic and utilitarian assumptions. Philosophical and empirical efforts to clarify our beliefs about these distributive issues and our commitments to them will also be discussed. We then turn to recent efforts to make health inequalities and inequities a focus of priority in resource allocation, examining both conceptual and moral issues raised by different approaches to the such inequalities and by the fact that the distribution of health is so significantly affected by non-health sector factors. We take up problems raised by the different concern shown for identified vs statistical victims, examining several forms of this problem. Finally, we turn to fair decision process as a way of resolving disputes about allocation. The goal of the course is to equip students with the ethical basis for addressing resource allocation issues in practical public health contexts, and throughout the course there is a focus real cases where controversy surrounds such decisions.

PIH299 Masters Thesis
Spring
Department Members
5 credits

Student must produce a written thesis in accordance with the thesis guidelines developed by the department.
Course Note: Signature of instructor required; ordinal grading option only.

PIH300 Independent Study/ Tutorial
Fall 1
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of the regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH300 Independent Study/ Tutorial
Fall
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/ fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH300 Independent Study/ Tutorial
Fall 2
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/ fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH300 Independent Study/ Tutorial
Spring 1
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/ fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH300 Independent Study/ Tutorial
Spring
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/ fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH300 Independent Study/ Tutorial
Spring 2
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/ fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH300 Independent Study/ Tutorial
WinterSession
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

An opportunity for independent study is offered for interested and qualified students or small groups of students. Arrangements must be made with individual faculty members and are limited by the amount of faculty time available. These programs are open to all students who wish to go beyond the content of regular courses. The program provides an opportunity to consider the design of studies, programs, or analysis of data.
Course Note: Completed independent study contract is required at the time of registration; maximum of 5 credits per independent study topic; pass/ fail only; signature of instructor required.

PIH350 Research
Fall 1
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PIH350 Research
Fall
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH350 Research
Fall 2
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH350 Research
Spring 1
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH350 Research
Spring
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH350 Research
Spring 2
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH350 Research
WinterSession
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH353 Population Ethics
Fall
Dr. A. Dyck

PIH353 Population Ethics
Spring
Dr. A. Dyck

PIH355 Complex Systems Approaches Emphasizing Qualitative Mathematics
Fall 2
Dr. R. Levins

The main objective is to develop an intuitive grasp of the dynamics of complex systems.

PIH356 Research Methods & Biostatistics for International Health
Fall
Dr. G. Wyshak

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PIH356 Research Methods & Biostatistics for International Health
Spring
Dr. G. Wyshak
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PIH400 Non-Resident Research
Fall 1
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/Fail only; maximum of 20 credits; signature of instructor required.

PIH400 Non-Resident Research
Fall
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH400 Non-Resident Research
Fall 2
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH400 Non-Resident Research
Spring 1
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH400 Non-Resident Research
Spring
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH400 Non-Resident Research
Spring 2
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

PIH400 Non-Resident Research
WinterSession
Department Members
Time and credit to be arranged.

For doctoral candidates who have passed their school-wide Oral Qualifying Examination and who are undertaking advanced work along the lines of fundamental or applied research in the department.
Course Note: Pass/fail only; maximum of 20 credits, signature of instructor required.

WGH200 Women, Gender and Health
Spring 1
Departments of Health and Social Behavior, Population and International Health, Maternal and Child Health and Epidemiology
Dr. N. Krieger, Dr. S. Gruskin
2.5 credits
Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.

This course will focus on constructions of gender and sex and their implications for understanding determinants of population health and creating healthy public policy. It will consider how different frameworks of addressing gender and biological sex shape questions asked and explanations and interventions offered for societal patterns of health, disease, and well-being. The course will demonstrate ways of conceptualizing gender in relation to biology and health using case examples pertaining to breast cancer, smoking, cumulative trauma disorders of hands and wrists, HIV/AIDS, violence, access to health services, sexual health, reproductive health, and population policy. In all these cases, issues of gender will be related to other social determinants of health, including social class, racism, and other forms of inequality. Implications of diverse approaches will be debated, as part of developing useful strategies for improving physical, mental, and social well-being of women and men.
Course Note: Enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required; no auditors. Students will be placed on a waiting list until the registration list is finalized by the instructors.

WGH207 Advanced Topics in Women, Gender and Health
Spring 2
Department of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Health and Social Behavior, Department of Population and International Health and Department of Epidemiology
Dr. L. McCloskey
1.25 credits
Seminars. One 2-hour sessions each week.

This interdepartmental, interdisciplinary seminar will offer the chance to analyze ways by which diverse constructs of gender influence public health research and practice. Using different examples each week, the core WGH faculty and students will focus on how gender contributes to classifying, surveying, understanding and intervening on population distributions of health, disease, and well-being. Discussion of these examples will draw on different disciplines, conceptual frameworks, and methodological approaches (both quantitative and qualitative). For example, traditional epidemiological and biostatistical methods, along with multilevel, ecosocial, and health and human rights frameworks will be applied, as appropriate, in the assessment of gender-based health related disorders. The format will include formal presentations and informal discussions.
Course Note: One graduate-level course on women, gender and health, including reproductive health, i.e.: WGH 200 or equivalent. Minimum enrollment of 5; maximum enrollment of 20; instructor's signature required. Pass/fail only.

WGH210 Women, Gender and Health: Critical Issues in Mental Health
Fall 2
Departments of Maternal and Child Health, Health and Social Behavior and Population and International Health
Dr. B. Gottlieb
1.25 credits
Lecture, seminar. One 2-hour session each week.

This course explores issues relevant to mental illness, mental health from a gender perspective. Course themes include illness constructs, life cycle and transitions, collective and individual trauma, role and relationship and embodiment. Topics include eating disorders, pain, hormonally mediated mood disorders, and victimization and will highlight examples from US and international experience. Readings will be multidisciplinary, including public health and medicine, social sciences, history and literature.
Course Activities: Includes a student final project.
Course Note: Minimum enrollment of 5 students; no auditors.

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