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| COURSE INFORMATION Interdepartmental ID200 Methods for Research on Social and Behavioral Dimensions of PH Fall 2 Department of Health and Social Behavior, Department of Maternal and Child Health Dr. L. Kubzansky, Dr. S. Buka 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. Two 1.5-hour sessions and one 1.5-hour required lab each week.
Introduces methodology to explore fundamental social and behavioral science concepts and theories useful in understanding social influences on health status. The course emphasizes quantitative research methods in social sciences applied to social and behavioral issues in public health research. Major attention is given to methodology from sociology and psychology in their application to public health problems. Course Activities: One synthesis paper; discussions; one exam and one research project. Course Note: Departmental requirement for the Department of Health and Social Behavior; specifically geared to HSB students in the MPH and other professional master's degree programs; students must register for course section with lab meeting time appropriate for their schedule.
ID201 Malaria and Human Affairs Spring Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Dr. A. Spielman, Dr. A. Teklehaimanot 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. One 2.5-hour session each week.
This course is designed to bring a multidisciplinary approach to a major public health problem in international health. Within the context of the biology and epidemiology of malaria, students are introduced to strategies for vector control, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and vaccines from the point of view of social, political, and economic policy. Impacts of programs are evaluated from an international and local perspective, using techniques from both the social and biomedical sciences. Course Note: Signature of instructor required.
ID202 Physical Growth and Development Spring 1 Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Nutrition Dr. K. Peterson 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Provides an introduction to the principles and assessment of physical growth, development and maturation that are the basis for monitoring the health of populations of children from conception through adolescence. Selection, measurement, and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of growth are discussed in detail. Public health implications of the study of growth and development are also considered, including reference growth curves, secular trends in obesity, maturation, and stature; and strategies for individual and population-based growth monitoring in the U.S. and in international settings. Course Activities: Seminar participation. Course Note: Knowledge of basic biology recommended.
ID204 Principles of Toxicology Fall Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-215 and at HMS as BPH-713.0 Department of Cancer Cell Biology and Department of Environmental Health Dr. D. Wolf, Dr. D. Milton 5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week. One 2-hour discussion session each week.
Emphasizes mechanisms of injury and clinical consequences following exposures to environmental and occupational chemicals. Examines actions at the molecular, cellular, organ system, and organismal levels. Discusses methods for detecting, evaluating, analyzing, and combating toxic effects. Course Activities: Written examinations. Course Note: Organic chemistry and mammalian physiology or equivalents required. Required lab.
ID205 Disaster Management Spring 2 Department of Population and International Health and the Department of Health and Social Behavior Dr. J. Leaning 2.5 credits Lectures. One 3-hour session each week.
Designed for physicians or public health officers who may be charged with responsibility for on-the-scene, immediate acute intervention during disasters. The focus will be on decision-making under stress, examining U.S. and international case studies within the theoretical framework of disaster planning, response, and assessment. Course Activities: Requirements include readings from syllabus and short list of required tests as well as a final paper. 4 lab sessions, April 8, 22 and May 6, 20, 2003.
ID206 Scientific Writing in Nutrition and Epidemiology Spring Dr. M. Stampfer 2.5 credits Seminars. One 2-hour session each week.
This course is designed to improve writing skills for nutrition/epidemiology researchers. The course will cover such areas as organization of scientific papers, presentation of data in graphical and tabular forms, and style. The course is designed for advanced students who are beginning to work on a paper for publication. Course Activities: After two initial meetings in the Spring I period to discuss principles of scientific writing, show specific examples, and suggest readings, students will work on their papers independently, under the overall supervision of their own faculty advisors. In the Spring II period, class sessions will be scheduled weekly. Each student will be assigned one primary and one secondary reviewer who will critique the paper in detail and lead the class discussion of the individual student's paper. The instructor will guide the discussion and use the paper to make additional points of constructive criticism, which will serve to illustrate the principles enunciated at the beginning of the class. Course Note: Enrollment limited to 8 students; signature of instructor required.
ID208 Pathophysiology of Human Disease Spring Cross-listed at FAS as BPH-210 and at HMS as BPH-729.0 Division of Biological Sciences and the Department of Environmental Health Dr. L. Kobzik 5 credits Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Surveys major human disease problems in the cardiovascular, respiratory, hematopoietic, reproductive and gastrointestinal systems. Emphasis on understanding the pathophysiologic basis of common disease manifestations and the pathogenesis of the disease process. Relevant public health perspectives on the epidemiology or control of diseases are also integrated. Course Note: College level physiology, EH 205, or equivalent required.
ID209 Nutrition in Child Growth and Development Spring Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Nutrition Dr. J. Dwyer 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.
Examines principles and practical problems encountered in developing policies and programs involving nutritional issues, growth and development. Lectures on general principles or elements of nutrition provide background setting for policy and are designed to help students base their judgments on scientific evidence. Discussions involve case studies of recent relevant policy issues in industrialized and developing countries. Student papers, presentations and discussions focus on either policy or scientific issues of importance. Course Activities: Lectures, video presentations, case studies, and discussion, student presentations.
ID210 Personality & Cognitive Development: Application to Public Hlth Fall Department of Maternal and Child Health and the Department of Health and Social Behavior Dr. D. Kindlon 2.5 credits Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.
Basic principles of child development are examined within a public health frame of reference. Emphasis is placed on the understanding of the developmental theories, especially as they relate to understanding interventions for public health problems, including behavior problems and non-organic mental retardation. Course Activities: Class discussion, class presentation, term paper.
ID211 Frontiers of Cardiovascular Biology Spring 1 Division of Biological Sciences and the Department of Nutrition Dr. G. Reed, Dr. G. Huggins 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.
Current concepts of cardiovascular diesease with an emphasis on underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Topics include: heart and blood vessel development (with emphasis on the cardiomyopathies, congenital heart disease, and other causes of heart failure); interactions of the blood cells with the blood vessels (focusing on thrombosis and arteriosclerosis as causes of heart attacks and strokes). Whenever possible insights to the assessment of genetic risk on cardiovascular disease will be emphasized. Faculty will provide a broad overview of the topic, a general discussion of the research approaches used and a discussion of important unaswered questions. The remainder of the seminar will focus on student-led discussions of relevant current (primary) literature. Course Note: Pass/fail only based on course participation. Minimum enrollment of 6 students.
ID213 Nutrition and Heart Disease Fall 2 Dr. F. Sacks, Dr. E. Rimm 1.25 Credits Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.
Contemporary topics on fatty acids, types of carbohydrate, fiber, gene-diet interactions, alcohol vitamins, minerals, homocysteine, and anti-oxidants and their involvement in coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Course Note: Minimum of 10 students required.
ID214 Nutritional Epidemiology Spring Department of Nutrition and the Department of Epidemiology Dr. W. Willett, Dr. F. Hu 2.5 credits Lectures. One 2-hour session each week.
Reviews methods for assessing the dietary intake of populations and individuals. Students gain experience in the actual collection, analysis and interpretation of dietary intake. The course also reviews several specific diet/disease relationships, integrating information from international studies, secular trends, clinical trials, analytical epidemiology, and animal experiments. Course Note: BIO 200, BIO 201 or BIO 200s and BIO 200t, and EPI 200, EPI 201 or EPI 208 required; familiarity with regression/ANOVA recommended; signature of instructor required for students who have not taken a course in nutrition.
ID215 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Spring Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Epidemiology Dr. R. Hauser, Dr. D. Dockery 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.
This course has three objectives: to review methods used in evaluating the health effects of physical and chemical agents in the environment, to review available evidence on the health effects of such exposures, and to consider policy questions raised by the scientific evidence. Topics include lectures on methodology, seminars on the review and criticism of current literature, and presentations by outside experts on specific environmental and occupational health issues of current interest. Course Note: EPI 200, EPI 201 or EPI 208 and BIO 200, BIO 201, BIO 206, BIO 219 or BIO 200s and BIO 200t required.
ID215 Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Summer 2 Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Epidemiology Dr. R. Hauser, Dr. D. Dockery 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.
This course has three objectives: to review methods used in evaluating the health effects of physical and chemical agents in the environment, to review available evidence on the health effects of such exposures, and to consider policy questions raised by the scientific evidence. Topics include lectures on methodology, seminars on the review and criticism of current literature, and presentations by outside experts on specific environmental and occupational health issues of current interest. Course Note: EPI 200, EPI 201 or EPI 208required; BIO 200, BIO 201, BIO 206, BIO 219 or BIO 200s and BIO 200t required (concurrent enrollment permitted).
ID219 Membrane Trafficking Spring 2 Division of Biological Sciences and the Department of Nutrition Dr. M. Wessling-Resnick, Members of the Faculty 2.5 credits To be offered 2002-2003; offered alternate years. Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 3-hour session each week.
Intercellular membrane traffic plays an essential role in nutrient uptake, entry of micro-organisms into cells, and receptor-down-regulation, thus defects in this process can create a profound pathophysiology. This course will provide a detailed molecular overview of the elements involved in membrane traffic, how these pathways are interconnected, and the regulatory mechanisms responsible for maintaining cellular integrity through membrane traffic. This course will emphasize the interdisciplinary interests in this area. Course Note: This course will be offered as a DBS "short course" in the DMS catalog and will also be incorporated into the "short course" format under the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS) program; ordinal grading option only.
ID221 Nutritional Epidemiology II Fall Department of Nutrition and the Department of Epidemiology Dr. A. Ascherio, Department Members 2.5 credits Not to be given 2002-2003; offered alternate years. Lectures, case studies. One two-hour session each week.
This course addresses methodological aspects of research in nutritional epidemiology. Topics include validation studies, adjustment for energy intake, and correction of measurement error. Theoretical as well as practical aspects will be covered. This course is intended primarily for students interested in doing epidemiologic research. Course Activities: Review of original articles, data analyses, computer simulations. Course Note: BIO 210 or equivalent required; ID214 required; signature of instructor required indicating suitable background.
ID225 Planned Social Change Spring Department of Health and Social Behavior and Department of Maternal and Child Health Dr. R. Rudd 5.0 credits Not to be given 2002-2003; offered alternate years. Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Introduces a disciplined and theory based approach to program planning, design and evaluation. Applies social science principles to community assessment, theory based design, and three levels of evaluation for health related programs for individuals, communities, institutions, and local/national groups. Course Activities: Assigned readings, participation in class discussion, three brief essays, paper (proposal). Course Note: Ordinal grading option only; signature of instructor required.
ID228 Principles of Screening Spring 2 Dr. Zhang 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
The aim of this course is to provide a basic understanding of the principles of disease screening. Particular emphasis is placed on screening from a public health perspective. The first part of the course will focus on the quantitative foundations underlying screening evaluation. We will review current approaches to screening for cancer, as well as applications in a number of other settings. Controversies and limitations of screening strategies will be discussed. Course Activities: Class participation in seminars and formal debates, one problem set, and final 5-10 page paper.
ID229 Epi of Infectious Diseases of Pub Hlth Import in Dev'g Countries Fall 2 Department of Population and International Health and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Dr. R. Cash 3.0 credits Lectures, case studies. Three 2-hour sessions each week.
This course thoroughly reviews the epidemiology of infectious diseases of public health importance in developing countries. Emphasizes epidemiologic patterns of bacterial and viral diseases as they relate to different geographic and socioeconomic environments. Stresses methods of disease surveillance, especially with regard to prevention and control. Course Activities: Case studies are extensively used with student teams proposing solutions to the problems. Course Note: Ordinal grading option only.
ID231 Biological and Clinical Foundations of Reproductive Health Fall 1 Department of Population and International Health and Department of Maternal and Child Health Dr. I. Aitken 2.5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This course is designed to prepare students with no clinical and limited biology background for subsequent course work in reproductive health or maternal and child health. It provides an introduction to the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction. This forms the basis for the study of normal pregnancy and childbirth and the mechanisms of different forms of contraception. These, in turn, lead to a consideration of the complications of pregnancy and childbirth, low birthweight and birth defects. A review of the basics of infection and immunity provide the basis for a consideration of reproductive tract infections, childhood diseases and immunization. Course Note: This course is a prerequisite for ID232 and ID235, and is highly recommended for students taking MCH204 or ID229.
ID232 Family Planning and STI Control in Developing Countries Spring 1 Department of Population and International Health and Maternal and Child Health Dr. I. Aitken, Dr. S. Kapiga. 2.5 credits Not to be offered 2002-2003 Lectures, seminars, and case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This course will examine the biological, epidemiological, social and organizational bases of programs for family planning and the control of sexually transmitted infections. It will consider the scope for and the implications of integration of these programs as mandated by the Cairo Programme of Action. It will also explore the effects and implications of different aspects of health sector reform on policy-making and program management. Course Note: ID231 or equivalent background in reproductive physiology and clinical sciences or signature of instructor required.
ID233 Research Synthesis & Meta-Analysis in Public Health and Medicine Spring 2 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology To be announced 2.5 credits Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.
Concerned with the use of existing data to inform clinical decision making and health care policy, the course focuses on research synthesis (meta-analysis). The principles of meta-analytic statistical methods are reviewed, and the application of these to data sets is explored. Application of methods includes considerations for clinical trials and observational studies. The use of meta-analysis to explore data and identify sources of variation among studies is emphasized, as is the use of meta-analysis to identify future research questions. Course Activities: Students prepare a protocol to conduct a meta-analysis and use existing meta-analysis software to apply principles outlined in the course to data sets provided for this purpose.
ID233 Research Synthesis & Meta-Analysis in Public Health and Medicine Summer 2 Dr. M. Stoto 2.5 credits Lectures. Five 2-hour sessions each week.
Concerned with the use of existing data to inform clinical decision making and health care policy, the course focuses on research synthesis (meta-analysis). The principles of meta-analytic statistical methods are reviewed, and the application of these to data sets is explored. Application of methods includes considerations for clinical trials and observational studies. The use of meta-analysis to explore data and identify sources of variation among studies is emphasized, as is the use of meta-analysis to identify future research questions. Course Activities: Students prepare a protocol to conduct a meta-analysis and use existing meta-analysis software to apply principles outlined in the course to data sets provided for this purpose.
ID235 Maternal and Perinatal Health Care in Developing Countries Spring 1 Department of Population and International Health and Department of Maternal and Child Health Dr. I. Aitken 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This course will first provide an in-depth study of the biology and epidemiology of maternal and perinatal health problems in developing countries. Particular attention will be given to evaluating the absolute and relative importance of the main causes of obstetric morbidity and mortality and of low birthweight. The course will then discuss and evaluate the effectiveness of strategies like risk-screening, prenatal care, and emergency obstetric care in preventing or managing these problems. The information will be used to consider appropriate policies and programs in specific country case studies. Course Note: ID231 or equivalent background in reproductive physiology and clinical sciences or signature of instructor required.
ID236 Social Epidemiology Spring 1 Departments of Health and Social Behavior and the Department of Epidemiology Dr. L. Berkman 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. One 3-hour session each week.
The course will focus on understanding the social determinants of health. Readings and discussion center on understanding the theories, measurement and empirical evidence related to specific social conditions and experiences such as socioeconomic position, discrimination, social networks and support, work conditions, ecological level neighborhood and community social conditions, and social and economic policies. Biological and psychological mechanisms by which social conditions influence health will be discussed. The course builds on a basic understanding of society and health and of epidemiology. Students will be required to present in class and evaluate methods and measures. Course Activities: Assigned readings; class presentations and discussions; term paper. Course Note: Enrollment limited to 20 students; HSB 201, EPI 200 (or EPI 201), EPI 202 and HSB 215 required; no auditors.
ID237 Community-based Implementation Hlth Prog.- Developing Countries Spring 2 Dr. I. Aitken 2.5 credits Seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This course combines two objectives. First, it is designed to get students to explore why it is that community-based health interventions either succeed or fail in developing countries. We will examine the role of culture, social organization, the selection and training of community-level and professional primary health care workers, and the role of communities in planning, management and financing of health care. Second, the course is designed to take a comprehensive view of priority child health interventions in tropical developing countries. It is intended to compliment other courses that concentrate on research and policy issues of nutrition and infectious diseases in childhood. Practical lessons will be drawn from services to manage acute and chronic diseases in children, nutrition programs, and environmental interventions to control the transmission of infectious diseases. Course Activities: Two case reports and a paper.
ID240 Principles of Injury Control Spring 1 Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. D. Hemenway 2.5 credits Seminar. One 3-hour sessions each week.
This course provides an introduction to a serious public health problem - intentional and unintentional injury - and provides a framework for examining control options. Specific categories of injuries, such as motor vehicle crashes and violence, and specific risk factors for serious injury such as alcohol and firearms, are examined in detail.
ID242 Politics and Strategies for Change in Health Policy Spring 1 Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Maternal and Child Health Dr. R. Blendon 2.5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This is a course for public health professionals who want their work to have a real impact on health policy decision-making. You will learn how to develop political strategies for influencing health care policy, and how political analysis can improve health policy research and its implementation at the national, state and local levels. Topics include political strategy; lobbying and special interest groups; the media and public opinion; campaigns, elections, and health policy; building coalitions; and grass roots advocacy.
ID250 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health Fall 1 Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. M. Roberts 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Provides students with a broad overview of some of the main philosophical and moral ideas that are used as a basis for resolving debates of public health policy. Helps students develop their own capacities to analyze, criticize, evaluate, and construct policy-oriented arguments. Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH Program or the Department of Health Policy and Management; students must register for appropriate section.
ID250 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health Fall 2 Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Population and International Health Dr. M. Reich 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Provides students with a broad overview of some of the main philosophical and moral ideas that are used as a basis for resolving debates of public health policy. Helps students develop their own capacities to analyze, criticize, evaluate, and construct policy-oriented arguments. Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH Program or the Department of Health Policy and Management or the Department of Population and International Health; students must register for appropriate section.
ID250 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Health Spring 1 Department of Population and International Health Dr. N. Daniels 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Provides students with a broad overview of some of the main philosophical and moral ideas that are used as a basis for resolving debates of public health policy. Helps students develop their own capacities to analyze, criticize, evaluate, and construct policy-oriented arguments. Course note: Acceptance into the MPH Program or the Department of Population and International Health; students must register for appropriate section.
ID251 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Hlth: Hlth Care Delivery Summer 1 Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. T. Brennan 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.
This course is intended to provide physicians and public health professionals with an understanding of the manner in which politics, economic concers, law, and ethics interact in health care policy decisions in the United States. Through discussion of legal cases and articles from medical and ethics literature, we will explore such topics as managed care, access to health care, the physician-patient relationship, treatment refusal, medical errors, and financial conflicts of interest. Course Note: Fulfills a core course requirement for students pursuing an MPH degree at the Harvard School of Public Health
ID251 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Hlth: Hlth Care Delivery Summer 2 Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. T. Brennan 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.
This course emphasizes American health care policy and modern medical ethics in its exploration of the political theory of medical care. It is intended to provide physicians and public health professionals with an understanding of the manner in which political economy and ethics interact in health care policy decisions.
ID251 Ethical Basis of the Practice of Public Hlth:Hlth Care Dellivery Summer 1 Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. M. Mello, Dr. D. Studdert, Dr. T. Brennan 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.
This course is intended to provide physicians and public health professionals with an understanding of the manner in which politics, economic concers, law, and ethics interact in health care policy decisions in the United States. Through discussion of legal cases and articles from medical and ethics literature, we will explore such topics as managed care, access to health care, the physician-patient relationship, treatment refusal, medical errors, and financial conflicts of interest. Course Note: Fulfills a core course requirement for students pursuing an MPH degree at the Harvard School of Public Health
ID253 Information Management in Epidemiology Spring 1 Department of Epidemiology and the Department of Biostatistics Dr. K. A. Chan, Dr. M. Testa 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies, computer exercises. Two 1.5-hour sessions each week. One 1-hour lab each week.
This course is designed to introduce students to the theory and applications of information technology that are used in modern epidemiology. Pertinent concepts of relational database theory and structured query language will be described, followed by lectures on data forms design, database construction, and data validation for studies that involve ad hoc collection of primary data. Record linkage techniques for utilization of secondary data in epidemiology will be introduced. Existing data sources, such as Medicaid, automated insurance claims systems, and computerized medical records will be described. Students will have hands-on experience working with computer programs in the lab sessions. Examples will be drawn from studies in pharmacoepidemiology, clinical epidemiology, and intervention studies. Course Note: EPI200, EPI201, or EPI208, and BIO200 or BIO201 required; for students not familiar with the latest computer technology; lab section to be announced at first meeting.
ID261 Practice of Health Care Management Spring Department of Health Policy and Management Section 01- Dr. J. Kasten Section 02- Dr. J. McDonough 5 credits Seminars, field studies. One 2-hour session each week and four hours of field work each week.
One section explores the managerial skills required of public health professionals in any setting - leadership negotiations, interdisciplinary teams, and communication. The alternative section focuses on the policy process from a political perspective, identifying key shareholders, political processes, government structure, and the role of conflict resolution in the formation of health policy. Fieldwork provides practical experience in health care management or health policy development. Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH concentration in Health Care Management or signature of instructor required.
ID262 Introduction to the Practice of International Health Fall 1 Department of Population and International Health Dr. R. Cash 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
How is international health defined? What are its historical roots and modern manifestations? Which are the major contemporary issues and debates on policies and practices? These questions are addressed in this introductory course that defines the scope of the field, highlights contemporary issues, and reviews selective case studies of international health policies and practices. The course begins with an examination of world health and development and the rapid health transitions taking place around the world. Key contemporary issues are critically examined - disease control, primary health care, child survival, essential drugs, health policy, and the evolving roles of international and non-governmental organizations. Interspersed throughout are several case studies of challenges facing the modern practice of international health. Course Note: This introductory course helps prepare students for other international health offerings, including PIH244 and PIH251.
ID263 Practice of Occupational Health Spring Department of Environmental Health Dr. T. Smith, Dr. R. Herrick, Dr. J. Stewart 5 credits Lectures, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Focuses on the assessment of workplace hazards, the physiology and biomechanical aspects of work, and a practical problem-solving approach to health problems in various work settings. Emphasizes the relationship between working conditions and health, with special reference to the recognition, measurement, and control of occupational hazards. Course Activities: Oral and written projects, class discussions, walk-through field trips to local industries (field trips may take up to four hours). Course Note: EH 262 recommended; signature of instructor required; no auditors.
ID264 Practice of Family and Community Health, Part II Spring Department of Maternal and Child Health Dr. I. Aitken, Ms. J. Kurland, Dr. A. Yee 2.5 credits Field studies, seminars.
Addresses the professional training needs of MPH students who plan to pursue leadership positions in the public sector or in community health. Students, in small groups, undertake fieldwork in public or community health agencies. They apply managerial and analytic techniques developed in the concentration to the solution of problems confronting these agencies. Student groups meet with advisers from HSPH and their host agency throughout the field placement. Seminars explore the practice of public and community health through case studies and readings. Course Activities: Field work, written and oral project report. Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH concentration in Family and Community Health or signature of instructor required. ID506 required.
ID265 Practice of Quantitiative Methods Spring 1 Department of Biostatistics and the Master of Public Health Program Dr. M. Testa, D. Simonson 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Explores practical and conceptual issues in the design, conduct, analysis and evaluation of human studies through the discussion of current research and methodologies. Students design studies to address important health problems. Class discussion and group projects are emphasized. Course Note: Acceptance into the MPH concentration in Quantitative Methods or signature of instructor required.
ID267 Infectious Disease Epidemiology Seminar I Fall Department of Epidemiology and Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease Dr. M. Lipsitch, Dr. M. Murray 2.5 credits Seminars. One 2-hour seminar each week.
Seminars consist of presentations of student and faculty research in progress and discussion of recent publications in the field of infectious disease epidemiology. The emphasis is on conceptual issues related to the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Course Activities: Individual student papers and presentations, student and faculty critiques. Course Note: Must be taken for credit by students in the Program on the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease. Signature of instructor required. This course in intended for doctoral students currently involved in thesis work and for others with active research projects.
ID269 Respiratory Epidemiology Fall 2 Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Epidemiology Dr. D. Dockery 1.25 credits Not to be given 2002-2003; offered alternate years. Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.
Reviews the epidemiology of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory cancer, and infectious respiratory disease. Demographic distribution, time trends and risk factors of these diseases are discussed. Course Note: EPI 200, EPI 201 or EPI 208 required.
ID270 Summer MPH Practicum and Culminating Experience Summer 2 Dr. E. Cook, Dr. M. Testa 5 credits Seminars. Five 1- to 2-hour sessions each week.
Summer-Only Master of Public Health Program students develop an off-site practicum at their home institution under the supervision of a local mentor and a member of the faculty at HSPH. This practicum may include aspects of epidemiology, biostatistics, decision sciences, or other quantitative aspects of public health. Students should apply the competencies learned in core courses to an actual investigation. Following the first (CLE) or second (QM) summer course work, students must submit a written proposal for the practicum along with a letter of support from an investigator from the student's home site, indicating an agreement to act as the local mentor for the project. This proposal is reviewed and an HSPH faculty supervisor is identified. Students ordinarily would write a paper suitable for publication, a grant proposal or a technical report. This exercise will culminate with a presentation in the final summer of the student's program. Course Note: Students must attend the sessions of this course during the second and third summer and they are encouraged to attend their first summer. Regular contact between students and mentors and among students is expected via e-mail during the year to seek advice, provide activity updates and to discuss approaches to the solution of methodological issues; pass/fail only.
ID271 Advanced Regression for Environmental Epidemiology Spring 1 Departments of Environmental Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Dr. J. Schwartz, Dr. W. Huang 2.5 credits Lectures and seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
The course will cover nonlinear exposure-response relationships and repeated measure designs, including non-parametric and semi-parametric smoothing techniques, generalized additive models, robust regression and time series models. In addition to the theoretical material, students will apply these techniques using S-plus and SAS to actual datasets including modeling the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes. These techniques also are widely applicable to problems in infectious disease, psychiatric, nutritional, occupational, and cancer epidemiology. Course Activities: Lectures and structured workshops in the instructional computer facility. Course Note: EPI 200, EPI 201 or EPI 208, and BIO 233 or BIO 211required; EPI 202 and EPI 204 are strongly recommended; minimum enrollment of 3 students required; signature of instructor required; lab or section time to be announced at first meeting.
ID272 Financing Health Care in Developing Countries Spring 1 Departments of Health Policy and Management and Population and International Health Dr. Y. Liu, Dr. W. Hsiao, Dr. P. Berman 2.5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This course provides a comprehensive survey on the major health care financing options for developing countries. It begins with introduction of system diagnostic criteria such as equity and efficiency, as well as assessment tools such as the National Health Account technique. Drawing on economic theory and international experiences, the course analyzes strengths and weaknesses of alternative approaches to financing, including tax-based financing, social insurance, user fee financing, and community financing. The aim is to prepare students for applied work in economics and policy analysis related to health financing. This course makes extensive use of case studies.
ID274 Oral Health Policy Research Seminar Fall/Spring Cross-listed at HDS as OHPE-222 Department of Epidemiology and the Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. C. Douglass, Dr. K. Joshpipura 2.5 credits, given at end of last semester Lectures, seminars. One 1-hour session each week.
The fall term concentrates on the research methods and current major studies of the epidemiology of oral and dental diseases, and the need, supply, demand, and cost of dental care. Policy documents of the NCHS, NIH, ADA, IOM, and ADEA are studied. Research designs and data collection methods of health policy and epidemiology studies are reviewed. The spring term emphasizes the research work of faculty and students on relevant oral epidemiology and dental care policy subjects. Grade is based upon participation and the defense of a current epidemiology or policy analysis proposal or research project.
ID277 Modern Genetic Epidemiology and Gene Mapping Fall 1 Department of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology Dr. X. Xu, Dr. T. Niu 2.5 credits To be given 2002-2003; offered alternate years. Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.
This multidisciplinary course is designed to provide a state-of-the-art guide to the emerging fields of modern genetic epidemiology and gene mapping in complex disorders. The completion of the Human Genome Project by 2003 will bring paradigmatic shifts of future human genetic epidemiologic studies. This course provides a comprehensive overview of the background of epidemiologic studies, epidemiologic methods and study designs, family and sib pair ascertainment, gene mapping technologies, computer software, data analysis, and interpretation. It will also explore a number of innovative new approaches for mapping genes of complex human diseases. In addition, the course will address the issues of genetic susceptibility, gene-gene interactions, and gene-environment interactions underlying common human diseases. Course Activities: Preparatory readings required for each lecture. Grades will be based on homework assignments, a quiz, and class participation. Course Note: EPI 201 and BIO 211, BIO 200, BIO 201 or BIO 200s and BIO 200t required; enrollment limited to 20 students; signature of instructor required.
ID278 Mental Health of Childrn and Adolescents Spring 1 Department of Maternal and Child Health and Department of Epidemiology Dr. S. Buka, Dr. B. Molnar, Dr. D. Kindlon 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Describes methods of studying the prevalence, risk factors, and prevention of major mental disorders that begin during childhood and adolescence, including mood disorders, conduct disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, learning disorders, substance abuse, youth suicide and others. Emphasis will be on methodological issues of case definition, research instruments for screening and diagnosis, and current epidemiological evidence. Students will gain a working knowledge of studying the epidemiology of mental disorders of childhood and adolescence as well as prevention strategies.
ID283 Epi Investigation of Soc & Env. Risks for Psychiatric Disorders Spring 2 Dr. S. Buka, Dr. J Murphy, Dr. L Berkman, Dr. S. Gilman 2.5 Credits Lectures, seminars, case studies. Two 2-hour sessions each week
Reviews the major social and environmental risks for psychiatric disorders of children, youth, and adults. Lectures will address current theories of social risks for and prevention of psychiatric illness, and the mechanisms linking social risks with psychiatric disorders across settings and over the life course. Topics include prenatal complications, childhood trauma, social networks, culture, social class, and community influences. Major epidemiologic studies of these topics are presented. Students will have the opportunity to design and conduct an original investigation of a social risk factor for psychiatric illness through a secondary data analysis of several psychiatric community studies. This course is in the psychiatric epidemiology track. Course Note: No auditors.
ID285 Environmental Health Risk: Concepts and Cases WinterSession Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Environmental Health Dr. K. Thompson 2.5 credits Seminars. Five 2-hour sessions each week.
Challenges students to evaluate the risk analysis framework as an approach to managing environmental health and safety, and other hazards. Addresses contemporary issues in risk assessment, evaluation, management, and communications using a case-method approach.
ID286 Implementing Prevention Summer 2 Department of Epidemiology and Department of Health and Social Behavior Dr. G. Colditz, Dr. K. Emmons 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. Five 2-hour sessions each week.
This course will cover issues ranging from the evidence underlying prevention recommendations to theory and practice of implementing prevention. First, we will examine the sources of evidence and how they are sythesized to inform recommendations for prevention. This will include a brief review of methods for research synthesis and the classification scheme used by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Strategies for prevention that address population-wide change in risk will be considered including action by health care providers, regulatory change, and individual and community changes. The theories underlying behavior change will be reviewed and examples of ongoing prevention interventions will be discussed. Risk assessment and risk communication will be addressed and examples from cancer and cardiovascular disease will be used for class assignments. Finally, students will review a prevention strategy of their own choice and outline a plan for action. Course Note: Ordinal grading only.
ID287 Bioterrorism: Public Health Preparedness and Response Spring 1 Dr. J. Leaning, Dr. J Burstein, Dr. Anthony Carbone 2.5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week
This course on bioterrorism and biosecurity will focus on public health preparedness and response. The course begins with the history of biological warfare and arms control efforts, and provides an analysis of the current bioterrorism threat. The science of biological agents as well as the science of defensive measures will be addressed. Practical skills will be provided, including how to conduct an epidemiological investigation, the basics of emergency public health law, knowledge of the Incident Command System and methods of coordination with various federal, state, and local emergency response agencies. Instructors will use a variety of instructional materials, including lectures, case studies, tabletop exercises, and a mock risk communication media exercise. Course note: no auditors.
ID290 Biomarkers in Cancer Research Spring Department of Cancer Cell Biology and the Department of Environmental Health Dr. K. Kelsey 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. One 2-hour session each week.
This course covers the use of biomarkers as measures of exposure, absorbed dose, biological effect and health outcome in pre-neoplastic and neoplastic disease states. Course Activities: Lectures and seminars relating to the use of biomarkers in epidemiologic studies. Course Note: Introductory biostatistics and epidemiology required; toxicology and environmental epidemiology are suggested; minimum enrollment of 10 students required; enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required.
ID291 Culminating Experience for International Health, MPH Students Spring 2 Dr. R. Cash, Dr. P. Berman 1.25 Credits This final exercise should demonstrate the skills necessary to act as a public health professional. Students must write a 10-page position paper that addresses the implementation of a program and the establishment of a policy affecting health/health care. Students, individually or in groups (up to three) address a situation in a developed country or region. The situation may be drawn from prior work experience in a developing country; field study conducted during the WinterSession; a case or situation worked on during the academic year; or one the student is preparing to work on during the coming year. The paper should have the following: statement of the problem; justification of the problem; proposal for a strategy to address the problem; and identification of process for evaluating the action taken. Occasional workshops will be held on Thursdays to address skills in oral presentations, preparing posters, meeting the media, issues in cross cultural research, and leadership. Students must have prior approval from the instructors to address a situation in a developed country or region. Course Activities: Each student or group of students must give either an oral presentation or a poster on Saturday, May 17, 2003 (the number of posters will be limited.) Course Note: Open only to students in the MPH-IH concentration; pass/fail only.
ID300 Public Health Field Study WinterSession Office for Professional Education/ MPH Program Faculty Members 1.25 credits
During the WinterSession, opportunities for a group field study may be developed in accordance with appropriate guidelines. Field studies ordinarily involved exploration or evaluation of public health programs or health systems in other countries and must have a faculty sponsor and approval from the appropriate program or department. The planning must be arranged to permit the necessary acadamic preparation prior to the field study and to allow the goals of the field study to be met during the active session in the field. A formal conclusion to the study must be evident such as papers and presentations. Field studies are not conducted every year but only in those years when the goals and planning are appropriate. Course Note: Enrollment limited; signature of instructor required; pass/fail grading or audit only.
ID300 Field Trip to Kerala, India WinterSession Dr. Richard Cash 1.25 credits
The purpose of the three-week visit is to familiarize the students with the health problems and health systems of Kerala State in South India. Kerala is a particularly interesting area with good health indices. There is a long history of government programs directed toward achieving health equity. There are changes, however, that are impacting on the type and the way that health care will be delivered in the future. The burden of disease is moving from infectious to a picture of more chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular etc.); the government is moving toward greater decentralization of health services; and the delivery of health care is becoming increasingly privatized. It is with this framework that the students will examine how all of these factors are affecting preventive care and the delivery of services. Particular attention will be focused on how these many factors may be increasing or decreasing health equity. Course Note: Students who are enrolled in the MPH, MS, or doctoral program will be eligible. Applications must be completed by 15 October and the participants chosen by 1 November. All those participating will be required to attend sessions in which the health, culture, political, and socio-economic factors in Kerala will be reviewed. The program will require a minimum of six students and can accept a maximum of ten students.
ID300 Field Study: Public Health in Cuba WinterSession Dr. Iain Aitken 1.25 Credits
The purpose of this course is to familiarize students with the health and health care system of Cuba. Cuba is noted for its low rates of infant mortality, high rates of immunization and other positive indices of good health not typically associated with countries experiencing severe economic constraints. Students will have the opportunity to explore aspects of the Cuban health system and its approach to population health through visits with major agencies and departments addressing public health.
Course Note: Students who are enrolled in the MPH, MS, or doctoral program are eligible to apply. Students must have working knowledge of Spanish at the intermediate level. Applications must be completed by October 15th. Participants will be chosen by November 1st. All those participating will be required to attend sessions in which the health, culture, and political and socioeconomic factors of Cuba will be reviewed. The program will require a minimum of 10 students and can accept a maximum of 15 students.
ID506 The Practice of Public Health in the United States Fall ID506 The Theory and Practice of Public Health Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Maternal and Child Health Dr. D. Prothrow-Stith, Dr. M. J. Brown, 2.5 credits Lectures, case studies. One 2-hour session each week.
This course integrates the theoretical foundation and the basic skills required for the practice of public health. Students interact with a variety of expert practitioners and apply their analytic skills to emerging public health issues. Students will be introduced to the ways in which medicine, community organizations, civic associations, and academia support the core functions of public health. The course provides students with an understanding of the full range of professional and academic endeavors contributing to the public health infrastructure. Course Note: This course is a prerequisite for ID 264: Practice of Family and Community Health.
RDS261 Properties of Environmental Contaminants Fall 2 Departments of Environmental Health and Health Policy and Management Dr. D. Bennett 2.5 credits Lecture. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This course is designed to provide the tools and foundation necessary to understand the physical and chemical properties of environmental contaminants, including their fate and transport in multiple environmental media. The course will include lectures on the laws of thermodynamics, the kinetic properties of gases, the structure and properties of gases, properties of liquids and solids, fugacity, chemical equilibrium, transport properties, kinetics, and particle behavior. Course Activities: Lectures, class discussions, homework assignments, mid-term and final exams. Course Note: Calculus and chemistry required; course required for all Environmental Science and Engineering Program students.
RDS280 Decision Analysis for Health and Medical Practices Fall 2 Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Biostatistics Dr. S. Goldie 2.5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
This course is designed to introduce the student to the methods and growing range of applications of decision analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and benefit-cost analysis in health care technology assessment, medical decision making, and health resource allocation. The objectives of the course are: (1) to provide a technical understanding of the methods used, (2) to give the student an appreciation of the practical problems in applying these methods to the evaluation of medical procedures and public health policies, and (3) to give the student an appreciation of the uses and limitations of these methods in decision making at the levels of national policy, health care organizations including hospitals and health maintenance organizations, and individual patient care. Course Note: Introductory course in probability and statistics required; BIO 200, BIO 201, or BIH 203 may be taken concurrently; introductory economics is recommended but not required.
RDS281 Methods for Decision Analysis in Public Health and Medicine Spring Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Biostatistics Dr. K. Kuntz 5.0 credits Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
An intermediate-level course on methods and health applications of decision analysis and other modeling techniques. Topics include Markov models, life expectancy modeling, deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, simulation models, ROC analysis and diagnostic technology assessment, quality of life valuation, multi-attribute utility, and behavioral decision theory. Course Note: ID 280, HPM 286, or equivalent introductory course on decision analysis required or signature of instructor required; familiarity with matrix algebra and elementary calculus may be helpful but not required; lab or section times to be announced at first meeting.
RDS282 Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis for Hlth Prog. Eval Spring 1 Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Biostatistics Dr. J. Hammitt 2.5 credits Lectures, seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Provides an introduction to methods for economic evaluation of health and environmental programs, including theory and applications. Topics include theory of benefit-cost and of cost-effectiveness analysis, definition and methods for estimating costs, stated-preference and revealed-preference methods for valuing health and mortality risk, quality adjusted life years. Course Note: Introductory decision analysis (e.g. ID280, HPM286) and economics (e.g. HPM205, HPM206) or signature of instructor required.
RDS284 Decision Theory Fall Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Environmental Health Dr. J. Hammitt 5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Introduces the standard model of decision-making under uncertainty, its conceptual foundations, challenges, alternatives, and methodological issues arising from the application of these techniques to health issues. Topics include von Neumann-Morgenstern and multi-attribute utility theory, Bayesian statistical decision theory, stochastic dominance, the value of information, judgment under uncertainty and alternative models of probability (Dempster-Shafer theory, generalized probability), and decision making (regret theory, prospect theory, generalized expected utility). Applications are to preferences for health and aggregation of preferences over time and across individuals. Course Note: Prior course work in decision analysis required.
RDS500 Risk Assessment Spring 2 Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. J. Levy, Dr. J. Evans 2.5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Introduces the framework of risk assessment, considers its relationship with cost-benefit, decision analysis and other tools for improving environmental decisions. The scientific foundations for risk assessment - epidemiology, toxicology, and exposure assessment are discussed. The mathematical sciences involved in developing models of dose-response, fate and transport, and the statistical aspects of parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis are introduced. Case studies are used to illustrate various issues in risk assessment and decision making. Course Activities: Lectures, discussions, computer workshops, case studies. Course Note: Course required for all Environmental Science and Engineering Program students; minimum enrollment of five students required; enrollment limited to 30 students; signature of instructor required.
RDS501 Regulatory Toxicology Spring 1 Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. G. Gray 2.5 credits Lectures. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
Covers basic principles of toxicology and how animal studies are used to further the understanding of dose-response relationships. Development of toxicological evidence for regulating chemicals in the general environment, the workplace and food supply is covered. Role of toxicologic information in risk assessment is discussed in detail. Course Activities: Lectures, discussions, case studies. Course Note: Calculus and chemistry or biology courses required; EH 205 required; course required for all Environmental Science and Engineering Program students; signature of instructor required if student has not completed prerequisite.
RDS503 Environmental Science and Risk Management Practicum Fall Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. J. Evans, Dr. J. Hammit 5 credits Seminars. Two 2-hour sessions each week.
The practicum is designed to allow ESRM students to integrate what they have learned about risk and decision sciences and to apply this knowledge in the evaluation of a problem (of importance) in environmental management or policy. Each student must design and conduct an independent analysis of an environmental policy problem. Student projects must demonstrate analytical sophistication and critical interpretation of relevant science in support of decision making. Each student must prepare a written report and make an oral presentation of results to the ESRM faculty. Course Note: The practicum is a requirement for and is restricted to all students in the ESRM masters and doctoral program.
RDS505 Industrial Ecology and Life Cycle Assessment Fall Department of Environmental Health and the Department of Health Policy and Management Dr. G. Norris, Dr. J. Spengler 5.0 credits Lectures, seminars, case studies. One 3-hour session each week.
Academics, policy-makers, communities, and business leaders around the world are increasingly concernd about the environmental and social impacts of industrial production. A broad field of work known as Industrial Ecology (IE) is emerging to respond systematically to these concerns, seeking to redesign and re-align industrial systems and activities to be more ecologically and socially sound. Central within the field of IE is Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), which is systems analysis of environmental and optionally economic/social impacts of product systems. This course provides graduate students and advanced undergraduates with an in-depth exploration of IE and LCA frameworks, principles, tools, and applications. We will analyze major arguments and current applications of IE principles. Our discussions will analyze how these tools work, how they are implemented, and the barriers to their expansion. A centerpieces of the course will be phased team projects in which students will conduct an evaluation of a local municipality's solid waste management systems using an integration of LCA and economic analysis; the students will present their results to the class and to officials from the municipality. Through the lens of IC, the course will also examine broader debates about the transition toward more ecologically sound industrial practices, and the technical, political, and economic barriers to making a transition towards more "sustainable development".
WGH200 Women, Gender and Health Spring 1 Departments of Health and Social Behavior, Population and International Health, Maternal and Child Health and Epidemiology Dr. N. Krieger, Dr. S. Gruskin 2.5 credits Seminars. One 3-hour session each week.
This course will focus on constructions of gender and sex and their implications for understanding determinants of population health and creating healthy public policy. It will consider how different frameworks of addressing gender and biological sex shape questions asked and explanations and interventions offered for societal patterns of health, disease, and well-being. The course will demonstrate ways of conceptualizing gender in relation to biology and health using case examples pertaining to breast cancer, smoking, cumulative trauma disorders of hands and wrists, HIV/AIDS, violence, access to health services, sexual health, reproductive health, and population policy. In all these cases, issues of gender will be related to other social determinants of health, including social class, racism, and other forms of inequality. Implications of diverse approaches will be debated, as part of developing useful strategies for improving physical, mental, and social well-being of women and men. Course Note: Enrollment limited to 25 students; signature of instructor required; no auditors. Students will be placed on a waiting list until the registration list is finalized by the instructors.
WGH207 Advanced Topics in Women, Gender and Health Spring 2 Department of Maternal and Child Health, Department of Health and Social Behavior, Department of Population and International Health and Department of Epidemiology Dr. L. McCloskey 1.25 credits Seminars. One 2-hour sessions each week.
This interdepartmental, interdisciplinary seminar will offer the chance to analyze ways by which diverse constructs of gender influence public health research and practice. Using different examples each week, the core WGH faculty and students will focus on how gender contributes to classifying, surveying, understanding and intervening on population distributions of health, disease, and well-being. Discussion of these examples will draw on different disciplines, conceptual frameworks, and methodological approaches (both quantitative and qualitative). For example, traditional epidemiological and biostatistical methods, along with multilevel, ecosocial, and health and human rights frameworks will be applied, as appropriate, in the assessment of gender-based health related disorders. The format will include formal presentations and informal discussions. Course Note: One graduate-level course on women, gender and health, including reproductive health, i.e.: WGH 200 or equivalent. Minimum enrollment of 5; maximum enrollment of 20; instructor's signature required. Pass/fail only.
WGH210 Women, Gender and Health: Critical Issues in Mental Health Fall 2 Departments of Maternal and Child Health, Health and Social Behavior and Population and International Health Dr. B. Gottlieb 1.25 credits Lecture, seminar. One 2-hour session each week.
This course explores issues relevant to mental illness, mental health from a gender perspective. Course themes include illness constructs, life cycle and transitions, collective and individual trauma, role and relationship and embodiment. Topics include eating disorders, pain, hormonally mediated mood disorders, and victimization and will highlight examples from US and international experience. Readings will be multidisciplinary, including public health and medicine, social sciences, history and literature. Course Activities: Includes a student final project. Course Note: Minimum enrollment of 5 students; no auditors.
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